By: Dr. Turki Saraqbi – Yemen

The article looks at how understanding and controlling Newcastle disease (ND) in poultry has evolved over the past 100 years. Although the disease remains a major global challenge, advances in virology, diagnostics, biosecurity, vaccination, molecular testing, and international collaboration have dramatically improved the ability to detect and control it.

The article traces the progression from early diagnostic difficulties and confusion with other poultry diseases to the development of live vaccines, PCR testing, genomic sequencing, and standardized virus classification systems. It also highlights the continuing challenge posed by the genetic evolution of the virus, including the spread of different genotypes such as genotype VII.
A major focus is placed on vaccine innovation, particularly recombinant vector vaccines based on HVT. These newer vaccines aim not only to prevent clinical disease but also to reduce virus shedding and transmission, providing earlier and longer-lasting protection. The article concludes that the future success of Newcastle disease control will depend on combining scientific innovation with proper vaccination, accurate diagnosis, surveillance, biosecurity, and effective implementation at farm level.